President Carter s Leadership Style - 2173 Words

Leadership: Jimmy Carter, The President President Carter, while in office, was seen as perfectionist and always looking to find something wrong with a project. He possessed deep mistrust for career politicians and believed that only an outsider, like he was, would be a good moral leader. In assessing his leadership style, President Carter would fit into the directive style as explained by Van Wart. A directive style leadership â€Å"is exhibited when a leader lets subordinates know what they are expected to do, gives direction and guidance, asks subordinates to follow rules and procedures, and schedules and coordinate activities† (Van Wart, 2012, pg.37). This description might not fit someone as powerful as the President of the United States, but the case of Jimmy Carter is different. He held a firm grasp on all the activities that went on around him. Carter inherited a very troublesome office; the Cold War was at its peak, energy crises were getting worse, and economic infla tion did not help the newly sworn in president either. He believed that lifetime Washington politicians were deeply imbedded with corporations and organizations that put them there, thus he resorted to an â€Å"autocratic decision making† (Vroom and Jago, 1988) type of leadership. When time came to select his cabinet and appoint position he â€Å"ignored major interest groups that make up the Democratic Party – blue collar labor unions, city leaders, and white ethnic groups† (Haas, 1992, p. 51). This style hasShow MoreRelatedThe Executive Branch Essay1688 Words   |  7 PagesThe Executive Branch #65279;The executive branch of our government is like a chameleon. To a startling degree it reflects the character and personality of the President. Clark M. Clifford, 1972 Page 189. Ford was not a natural administrator, but he a was an experienced political professional. 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Suffering From Advanced Dementia Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(172) " unwilling participant but it should be noted that normally used engineering, such as CCTV, besides compromises privateness and is pattern in most establishments \( 7 \) \." Dementia is defined as a aggregation of symptoms that include decreased rational operation that interferes with normal life maps and there are presently over 600,000 persons populating with dementedness in the UK ( 2 ) . There are several types of dementedness and diagnosing is a complex procedure depending upon specific, chief symptoms, the order they present and how they progress over clip ( 3 ) ( Table 1 ) . As the disease progresses to the ulterior phases, it is known as advanced dementedness ( AD ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Suffering From Advanced Dementia Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Wandering is an inauspicious behavioral trait in about 60 % of dementedness sick persons ( 4,5 ) , with about 50 % of instances ensuing in persons going physically harmed, losing or deceasing ( 2,5,6 ) . Rolling is one of the primary concerns of dementedness sick persons, carers, medical professionals and their relations ( 7,8 ) and can set an AD person into an institutional scene prematurely ( 6 ) . AD sick persons wander for grounds they may happen difficult to explicate to others and it may be a pick, non merely a symptom of dementedness ( 8 ) ( Table 2 ) . Table 2 – Causes of Wandering in Individuals enduring from AD and the Reasons and Preventative Actions ( 9 ) Some Potential Causes of Rolling Reasons Preventive Actions Medication ( for depression, wakefulness and anxiousness ) Side effects can do confusion, irregularity urinary piece of land infections and agitation. Regularly review medicine. Ensure lavatories are identifiable. Insomnia Confusion over clip of twenty-four hours. Worrying about something ( future or past ) Treatment for insomnia. Discuss any concerns with patient to set their head at easiness Use relaxation techniques. Pain Rolling may supply reprieve from hurting. Persons may be looking for hurting alleviation medicine. May be unable to pass on about their hurting. Regularly discuss and reexamine hurting direction with persons particularly when they have good cognitive ability. Pain may non be a seeable hurt. Hunger / Thirst Persons may roll looking for nutrient / H2O. Ensure persons on a regular basis eat and imbibe as AD persons frequently forget to eat and imbibe. Distress Persons may experience fed up and unmotivated and wander to happen stimulation. Persons may experience they have a undertaking to make. May experience stressed about being in a secure room and demand to ‘escape ‘ . Ensure persons are encouraged to interact with other persons and motivated when they are mentally able. Allow patients to hold boundaries for rolling. Allow persons to discourse their life before AD. Use of Electronic Tagging In the early phases of the dementedness, persons have the ability to inquire for aid if they become lost when rolling but as the disease progresses and confusion additions, this is non the instance ( 5 ) . Electronic tagging ( ET ) is a signifier of surveillance and could be used with AD persons who are regarded as ‘at hazard ‘ when embarking out-of-doorss independently ( 9 ) . ET can be used in two ways: a wireless frequence signal which is used as portion of a tracker system to find the location of the ‘wanderer ‘ utilizing a manus held device or as an contraption which sets off a boundary dismay when a specified threshold is crossed ( 7 ) . The systems can be used in concurrence ( 10 ) . Tags can be discreet and wristbands are normally the labeling device of pick ( 7,10 ) , although senders which attach to apparels are available ( 11 ) . The usage of ET in dementedness has been an ongoing argument for many old ages ( 10 ) and can look to be a simple reversible argument: the wellbeing and protection of the dementedness sick person versus the violation of their human rights and privateness, but it is a more complex issue ( 7 ) . Key Ethical Aspects Justice Many persons with AD want to keep an independent life style for a long as possible but this may non be executable without supervising and security. ET can let AD persons freedom with less limitations ( 7,10 ) , which can soothe carers and relations ( 7 ) . It can besides convey comfort to the single knowing that they can be easy located if they become astray ( 5 ) , nevertheless, AD persons must to the full understand that some electronic tickets are non easy removable, even if they becomes annoying and troublesome ( 12 ) . ET may dehumanize and degrade AD persons ( 8,10 ) and has the stigma of being compared to felons or animate beings ( 12 ) . AD persons could stop up being treated ‘as objects ‘ instead than people. Additionally, as the aging population additions and, hence persons diagnosed with dementedness, institutes and carers may neglect to present good attention ( 10 ) . This is because decreased staff: patient ratio in attention places and the demand for households to work, may take to ET being used as a replacement for attention alternatively of as a support tool ( 13 ) . Technology should ne’er be a replacing for human attention and compassion ( 9 ) . Ad sick persons are capable to personality alterations and a antecedently sort, caring individual can go violent and aggressive as the dementedness progresses. This must be remembered when an person is allowed to roll independently ( 4 ) as indefensible verbal or physical onslaughts may happen on members of the populace. More frequently than non, AD persons can acquire lost, sometimes in assorted phases of undress which is undignified. ET may assist forestall this ( 7 ) , nevertheless, baffled persons may non desire to return to their topographic point of abode and coercing them to make so can do them distraught ( 9 ) . Autonomy The chief concerns environing the usage of ET are consent, privateness and freedom. The Human Rights Act 1998 states that â€Å" everyone has the right to esteem for his private and household life, his place and his correspondence † ( 14 ) every bit good as the â€Å" right to liberty and security † ( 15 ) . Families and carers tend to be centred on the safety of the person and non the violation of privateness ( 10 ) and some critics have stated that the concern over invasion of privateness is merely an issue if the person has something to conceal. This is non a good plenty ground to implement ET upon an unwilling participant but it should be noted that normally used engineering, such as CCTV, besides compromises privateness and is pattern in most establishments ( 7 ) . You read "Suffering From Advanced Dementia Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" AD persons should non experience coerced into ET out of sense of responsibility to their carers and p ath for independency. ET should besides non be enforced merely because it may be a routinely used pattern in their attention place ( 12 ) . This is a future concern as ET may be used as a ‘treatment ‘ by medical professionals for persons in infirmaries under the Mental Health ( Care and Treatment ) ( Scotland ) Act 2003 ( 9 ) . This would get rid of the patients ‘ freedom of pick. While a individual enduring from dementedness still has rational capableness, they have the right to make up one’s mind whether to take part in ET. This determination can be made in progress of losing rational capacity ( 4 ) . A instance survey in France by Faucounau et Al, 2009 demonstrated that AD persons who still have some cognitive ability favoured the usage of electronic tagging ( 16 ) . Consent for ET should ever be obtained prior to utilize, from the person or their power of lawyer ( 5 ) and must be reviewed at on a regular basis as people have the right to alter their head ( 12 ) . It must besides be remembered that cognitive ability can change daily and even though an AD person has antecedently had the capableness to make up one’s mind to utilize ET ( 9 ) , there would be no point in leting person, who is holding an highly baffled twenty-four hours, to roll entirely. If they are deemed non to be in the right head frame, they should still be able to go forth th eir premises but with equal supervising from a care-giver. Options to ET include utilizing unafraid suites, picture surveillance, restraints and medicine ( 5,7 ) , which can hold inauspicious effects ( 2 ) ( Table 2 ) . Subjective barriers can besides be used in which the doors are concealed behind mirrors or drapes but this can take to psychosocial torment ( 7 ) . ET appears to be one of the least restrictive methods of keeping an AD patient. Engagement in ET can non lie with the AD patient entirely if they live with partners or other relations. The co-operation and age of the ET locater users must besides be considered. Family members may be aged and happen utilizing the locater hard without sufficient preparation and pattern. Locator devices require the usage of a nomadic phone/computer and internet entree and most participants are acute and willing to larn this new engineering ( 16 ) . Wellbeing General wellness and well-being can be improved with physical exercising and ‘wandering ‘ could be classed as a physical activity ( 9 ) . Leting AD patients to roll does hold hazards but deficiency of exercising can besides be damaging ( weakening of castanetss, hapless musculuss mass and impaired balance ) ( 17 ) . ET can ease independent physical activity and better quality of life ( 7 ) by leting longer independent life. Boundary systems would alarm carers to an single go forthing a designated country but would non halt them from making so or prevent injury. This is why it should be used in concurrence with a tracker system ( 9 ) . ET besides can non state you what the person is making when they wander ( 8 ) . Boundary dismaies may be utile in a infirmary environment when dementedness patients are admitted ( for a non-physical ground ) . There may non be equal staff Numberss in a ward or clip to adequately supervise rolling patients and boundary dismaies can halt patients go forthing their topographic point of safety. However in this scene, the patients self-respect may be affected as triping the dismaies could be mortifying and persons may experience like a load on staff ( 9 ) . Another job country lies in the industry and dependability of electronic tickets in built up countries ( 10 ) . Devicess are besides battery operated and are rendered useless if the batteries run out ( 12 ) . This shows that the usage of ET to protect from injury is null ( 10 ) . Policy / Practice / Regulatory Frameworks There are no current Torahs or statute laws refering the specific usage of ET ( 5 ) , nevertheless, the Mental Health Act 1983 includes consent to intervention ( 18 ) . ET can be thought of as a signifier of intervention, assisting AD persons maintain independency and public assistance. Section 58 of the Mental Health Act states that â€Å" a patient shall non be given any signifier of intervention†¦ †¦ unless he has consented to that intervention † and subdivision 60 declares â€Å" where the consent of the patient to any intervention has been given†¦ †¦ .at any clip before the completion of the intervention retreat his consent † . This should protect the AD single whilst ET is regarded as an optional tool for dementedness but the likeliness is that it may go compulsory, particularly in hospital scenes, in which instance subdivision 63 ( intervention non necessitating consent ) of the Mental Health Act could use. This would let physicians to implement ET if it is thought to forestall impairment and better the dementedness symptoms ( 18 ) . As a consequence, specific statute laws and protocols need to be introduced ( 5 ) to protect all stakeholders. Decision ET appears to hold the right balance between safekeeping of an AD person and independent freedom ( 13 ) when used in the right scenes and helps ease the concern of rolling jobs for relations, carers and medical professionals. Early surveies have shown positive consequences and attitudes from participants ( 19,20 ) . Nevertheless, ET should non be an alternate to staff supervising in establishments ( 12 ) as a diminution in personal contact, supervising and attention can cut down quality of life ( 4,5 ) . In add-on, ET should non be a replacement for understanding the patients need to roll ( 7 ) . There have been several successful surveies including the ‘Safe Walking ‘ strategy in Edinburgh which used ET to supervise the motions of aged patients. Early studies from this survey stated that the participants ‘ households feel that it prevented their relations from traveling into attention and allowed them to populate independently for longer ( 19 ) . Additionally, a survey in Spain used ET to turn up lost Alzheimer sick persons. Alert signals were raised when the persons strayed outdoors defined boundaries and besides activated by the constabulary control Centre if the person became lost ( 20 ) . Due to the success of the survey, ET is now used routinely across Spain for Alzheimer ‘s patients ( 9 ) . Future considerations should include the cost deductions of ET. Who should pay for ET – NHS or in private funded? Can the authorities warrant the cost deductions of buying ET systems for each person with AD who wants to stay living independently at place? Is the cost of ET cheaper than the cost of infirmary admittances due to harm obtained due to rolling? Are options cheaper such as tranquilising medicines to forestall roving? Could the cost of ET increase the cost of an person in a attention place? All these inquiries need to be answered before ET can be to the full implemented into society. How to cite Suffering From Advanced Dementia Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Do not go gentle into that good night and death be not proud free essay sample

â€Å"Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night,† is an insightful poem written by Dylan Thomas. It is a Villanelle, a nineteen-line form of poetry. The message Dylan Thomas is trying to communicate through this poem is that the elderly should not be discouraged and feel hopeless due to their age. Thomas seems to think it is not honorable or befitting for a great or interesting man to die quietly in old age and he encourages the reader to think that death is something that should be fought rather than mutely accepted. The poem is a statement about living a strong life and refusing to go down quietly just as easily as it can be read as a poem about death and the process of dying or aging. All through the poem, the poet speaks about fighting the inevitable death and being strong till the last moment despite knowing that death cannot be avoided. We will write a custom essay sample on Do not go gentle into that good night and death be not proud or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page All of it seems to target any old man nearing death until the last Stanza in which he addresses his father and says : And you, my father, there on the sad height, Curse, bless, me now with your fierce tears, I pray. And then he repeats what have said earlier in the poem : Do not go gentle into that good night. Rage, rage against the dying of the light. And by that he urges his dying father to resist and fiercely fight death, which makes the poets tone more personal. While in the other poem, The Holy Sonnet 10 Death be not proud, by John Donne. Right off the bat, the poet starts bashing on death and treating it like a person. He tells Death not to be so proud, because hes really not that frightening, despite that many people think that so. The poet then speaks in contradictions by saying that people do not really meet Death, and neither will the poet. He then compares death to things that are not scary at all, rest and sleep. He then says that only the good die young, whilst the best know that death is not scary at all, but it brings pleasure instead. The poet then kicks it up a notch, as if all that bashing was not enough. The poet calls death a Delivery of the soul, while the bones have a rest. He then calls him a slave of Fate, chance, kings, and desperate men and accuses him of hanging out with the weak and lowlifes poison, war, and sickness. And that after all, the poet doesnt need death, for he can just take drugs, and it will have the same effect, falling asleep. So the poet compares death to falling asleep, a painless process of temporary rest, After which one will wake up from death and find himself in Eternity, and once that happens, it will seems as though Death has died